Rill flow resistance law under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions     

Costanza Di Stefano  Alessio Nicosia  Vincenzo Pampalone  Vincenzo Palmeri  Vito Ferro 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1317-1323

In this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions in a rill. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution. Then, the following steps were carried out for developing the analysis: (a) a relationship (Equation  13 ) between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope, and the Froude number was calibrated by the available measurements by Jiang et al.; (b) a relationship (Equation  17 ) between the Γ function, the rill slope, the Shields number, and the Froude number was calibrated by the same measurements; and (c) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor values measured by Jiang et al. were compared with those calculated by the rill flow resistance equation with Γ estimated by Equations  13 and 17 . This last comparison demonstrated that the rill flow resistance equation, in which slope and Shields number, representative of sediment transport effects, are introduced, is characterized by the lowest values of the estimate errors.  相似文献   

A geomorphology‐based integrated stream–aquifer interaction model for semi‐gauged catchments     

Soumyaranjan Sahoo  Bhabagrahi Sahoo 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1362-1377

Many of the existing stream–aquifer interaction models available in the literature are very complex with limited applicability in semi‐gauged and ungauged catchments. In this study, to estimate the influent and effluent subsurface water fluxes under limited geo‐hydrometeorological data availability conditions, a simple stream–aquifer interaction model, namely, the variable parameter McCarthy–Muskingum (VPMM) hillslope‐storage Boussinesq (hsB) model, has been developed. This novel model couples the VPMM streamflow transport with the hsB groundwater flow transport modules in online mode. In this integrated model, the surface water–groundwater flux exchange process is modelled by the Darcian approach with the variable hydraulic heads between the river stage and groundwater table accounting for the rainfall forcing. Considering the exchange fluxes in the hyporheic zone and lateral overland flow contribution, this approach is field tested in a typical 48‐km stretch of the Brahmani River in eastern India to simulate the streamflow and its depth with the minimum Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 94% and 88%; the maximum root mean square error of 134 m³/s and 0.35 m; and the minimum index of agreement of 98% and 97%, respectively. This modelling approach could be very well utilized in data‐scarce world‐river basins to estimate the stream–aquifer exchange flux due to rainfall forcings.  相似文献   

室内用户语义位置预测研究     

王培晓  王海波  傅梦颖  吴升 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(12):1689-1698

位置预测技术可以提前预知用户下一时刻的位置,在基于位置的服务（Location-based Service,LBS）领域中发挥着极其重要的作用。现有的位置预测技术大多仅使用用户的地理轨迹,仅使用地理轨迹挖掘出来的用户移动模式易受地理特性的限制缺乏深层次的语义信息。本文基于某商场群体用户的室内轨迹数据和语义信息预测用户下一个时刻语义位置。语义位置预测包括停留区域识别、停留区域语义匹配、语义位置建模。在停留区域识别阶段,为减少室内停留时间不固定对停留区域识别的影响,本研究提出了一种新型的时空凝聚层次聚类算法（Spatial-Temporal Agglomerative Nesting, ST-AGNES),该算法具有思想简单、超参数少、自动生成聚类个数等优点。在语义匹配阶段,引入了吸引度规则,充分利用停留区域所有轨迹点与室内高密度的商铺名称信息做匹配。最后,采用长短型记忆神经网络模型（Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM）挖掘群体用户的语义位置模式并预测用户未来的语义位置,实验预测正确率达到61.3%。  相似文献   

灰色稳健总体最小二乘估计及高铁路基变形预测     

陈洋  文鸿雁  覃辉  王清涛  周吕 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):140-146

最小二乘估计和部分变量误差模型的总体最小二乘估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在灰色白化微分方程的观测值和系数矩阵中，本文提出基于IGGⅢ抗差方案的部分变量总体最小二乘稳健估计。结合仿真数据和高铁路基观测数据，系统地比较稳健最小二乘、部分变量总体最小二乘、本文算法参数估计结果和算法稳定性。结果表明，本文算法预测精度高，可以应用到高铁路基沉降预测中。  相似文献   

Prediction of the South China Sea Dipole Using SSA-MEM     

Qiong Xia  Enbo Wei 《大气与海洋》2018,56(4):240-253

ABSTRACT

A dipole structure appears in the sea surface height off the central coast of Vietnam during boreal summer in the South China Sea. This dipole, which possesses a chlorophyll signature associated with higher phytoplankton concentrations arising from nutrient upwelling, is important for the productivity of local fisheries. Multi-satellite sea level anomalies are used to investigate the life cycle of the dipole structure. By applying empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the third EOF mode (EOF 3) is found to represent the major variations of the dipole structure. By removing the temporal noise of EOF 3, a South China Sea dipole index is defined. This index captures the life cycle of the dipole including its generation, mature strength, and final termination. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional forecasts are generated using a statistical forecasting method that combines singular-spectrum analysis and the maximum entropy method. The appearance of the dipole structure can be predicted with an accuracy of 78% at one-month lead times and an accuracy of 61% at one-year lead times.  相似文献   

黔北正安地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及有利区预测     

贺永忠  向坤鹏  安亚运  易成兴  杨忠琴  于宁 《中国地质调查》2020,7(3):21-29

为明确黔北正安地区上奥陶统五峰组至下志留统龙马溪组的页岩气地质特征,充分应用页岩气地质调查、重磁电、二维地震、地质调查井及测试分析等工作方法,开展黔北正安地区1:5万页岩气基础地质调查,对五峰组至龙马溪组富有机质页岩的分布、沉积环境、有机地球化学、岩石矿物、储集性能及含气性等特征进行分析研究,结果表明: 研究区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩为深水陆棚相沉积,主要分布有安场向斜、斑竹向斜和泥高向斜,厚度14.5~55 m,埋深0~3 200 m; 有机碳(TOC)含量1.0%~4.0%,有机质镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.82%~2.23%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主; 岩石主要由石英、长石和黏土矿物组成,脆性矿物含量高,一般大于50%; 孔隙度为2.03%~3.89%,渗透率为0.35×10^-5~1.86×10^-5μm²,表现为低孔、特低渗的特征; 最高含气量为2.88 m³/t,显示出较好的含气性特征。综合分析和评价圈出3个页岩气聚集有利区,分别为安场区块、斑竹区块和泥高区块,这为研究区页岩气进一步勘探开发指明了方向。  相似文献   

海底爆破振动强度衰减规律及中华白海豚保护措施研究     

费鸿禄  关福晨  包士杰  肖绍青 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):405-414

为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

The Characteristics and Related Problems of the Orbits Around the Earth-Moon Libration Points     

Liu Lin  Tang Jing-shi  Hou Xi-yun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(2):278-291

Due to the specific dynamics, the probes located at the halo orbits or Lissajous orbits around the Earth-Moon collinear libration point L₁ or L₂ are always studied in the synodic system to understand their trajectories. In fact, they are also orbiting the Earth in a distant Keplerian ellipse. Because of their intrinsic orbital instability, in the orbit prediction the initial errors propagate more prominently than those of the normal orbiting satellites, this requires special attention in the orbit design, maneuver, and control. Despite of all this, they are similar to the normal orbiting satellites in orbit determination and hardly require other special attentions. In this paper, the quantitative results of error propagation under the unstable dynamics, together with the theoretical analysis are presented. The results of precise orbit determination and short-arc orbit predictions are also shown, and compared with the results from the Beijing Aerospace Control Center.  相似文献   

移动测量技术在城市绿化普查中的应用     

庞岩  孙国强  解全波 《北京测绘》2020,(4):518-522

在新时代的城市建设中,绿化建设对于美化城市面貌和提高市民居住舒适度显得十分重要,那么城市绿化普查工作则成为绿化建设工作中的重要一环。为了改进传统绿化普查工作,本文提供一整套基于移动测量技术的城市绿化普查方案,搭配自主研发的GIS采集软件和实景三维管理平台,采集绿化信息的效率和精度显著提高,更可以优化城市绿化管理方法。  相似文献   

最优权组合预测法在采煤沉陷变形预测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁小红 《测绘通报》2020,(4):111-115

煤矿地表沉降变形预测多基于煤矿开采沉陷预计理论展开，基于变形分析理论的变形预测模型目前多集中在单模型预测。本文基于组合预测思想，以非等间隔灰色预测模型与BP神经网络模型为预测单模型，以陕西北部某煤矿采煤工作面上方实测地表沉降值为数据源，以最优加权法对单模型预测结果开展了最优权组合，组合模型中两种单模型的权重分别为0.466 7、0.533 3。选取部分监测点的预测结果进行模型精度评价，结果表明：3种预测模型精度均达到了一级。经对比3种模型预测结果，最优权组合预测的模型精度较单模型明显提升，预测结果较非等间隔灰色预测模型与BP神经网络预测模型有明显增益。  相似文献